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Big Idea: The Dynamic Atmosphere
Weather variables and heating of the atmosphere
Objectives:
• Distinguish between weather and climate
• Define temperature
• Define humidity
• Define air pressure
• Define precipitation
• Recognize basic weather equipment
• Describe how energy travels from the sun to Earth
• Describe electromagnetic radiation
• Explain how pollutants affect Earth’s ozone layer
• Define insolation
• Understand the difference between reflection and refraction
• Explain how the angle of the sun affects insolation
• Explain how the duration of sunlight affects insolation
• Differentiate between conduction and convection
• Explain how energy is “lost” by Earth
• Explain cause and effect of the greenhouse effect
• Explain cause and effect of global warming
Humidity, clouds and atmospheric energy
• Describe the cause of lake-effect snow
• Identify areas of New York State where snowfall is extensive
• Explain latent heat
• Calculate energy released during phase changes
• Define moisture terms including condensation, dew, and frost
• Explain the relationships between moisture and temperature
• Describe evaporation
• Explain how the rate of evaporation can vary
• Differentiate between absolute and relative humidity
• Define dew point
• Determine relative humidity and dew-point temperature through use of a psychrometer and ESRT
• Explain how clouds form
• Describe what happens when air expands and contracts
• Describe the processes of precipitation
Air pressure and winds
• Describe Doppler radar
• Explain the relationship among humidity, temperature, and air pressure
• Explain the relationship between wind and air pressure • Explain convection cells and how they are related to wind
• Explain specific heat
• Describe the variations of wind flow between land and sea
• Describe weather conditions within areas of high and low pressure
• Explain the Coriolis effect
• Describe how isobars are used to illustrate weather systems
• Explain prevailing winds
• Describe how monsoons affect global climate
• Explain the jet stream
Weather Maps
• Explain why meteorology is a complex subject
• Identify regional sources of air masses
• Identify air masses on weather maps
• Define cold front, warm front, occluded front, and stationary front
• Explain how regional weather can change based on the movement of air masses
• Describe the movements of planetary winds
• Create and read station model symbols
• Collect weather data
• Predict weather based on the data collected
• Draw weather maps
• Interpret weather maps
Weather Hazards and the changing Atmosphere
• Identify weather hazards including hurricanes, tornados, thunderstorms, and blizzards
• Explain why these events are dangerous and how to protect themselves from harm
• Explain the mechanics of hurricanes and tornados
• Understand the needs for weather hazard protection
• Identify hazards that affect their area
• Explain basic hazard management techniques, including building codes, planning and warning systems
• Explain the relationship between life on Earth and atmospheric gases
• Discuss the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere
• Describe photosynthesis
• Define smog and human-created (anthropogenic) air pollution
• Describe the effects of acid rain
Patterns of Climate
• Identify temperature and precipitation as the major components of climate
• Compare major climate zones based on latitude
• Use the ESRT, page 14, Planetary Wind and Moisture Belts in the Troposphere, to locate areas of unique climate characteristics
• Describe how elevation and mountains affect climate
• Explain how climate is affected by proximity to various bodies of water
• Describe how climate is affected by the composition of land surfaces
• Interpret information found on specific heat tables
• Describe how winds and currents affect climate
• Explain urban heat islands
• Discuss vegetation’s effects on climate
• Identify climate through use of graphs
Weather variables and heating of the atmosphere
Objectives:
• Distinguish between weather and climate
• Define temperature
• Define humidity
• Define air pressure
• Define precipitation
• Recognize basic weather equipment
• Describe how energy travels from the sun to Earth
• Describe electromagnetic radiation
• Explain how pollutants affect Earth’s ozone layer
• Define insolation
• Understand the difference between reflection and refraction
• Explain how the angle of the sun affects insolation
• Explain how the duration of sunlight affects insolation
• Differentiate between conduction and convection
• Explain how energy is “lost” by Earth
• Explain cause and effect of the greenhouse effect
• Explain cause and effect of global warming
Humidity, clouds and atmospheric energy
• Describe the cause of lake-effect snow
• Identify areas of New York State where snowfall is extensive
• Explain latent heat
• Calculate energy released during phase changes
• Define moisture terms including condensation, dew, and frost
• Explain the relationships between moisture and temperature
• Describe evaporation
• Explain how the rate of evaporation can vary
• Differentiate between absolute and relative humidity
• Define dew point
• Determine relative humidity and dew-point temperature through use of a psychrometer and ESRT
• Explain how clouds form
• Describe what happens when air expands and contracts
• Describe the processes of precipitation
Air pressure and winds
• Describe Doppler radar
• Explain the relationship among humidity, temperature, and air pressure
• Explain the relationship between wind and air pressure • Explain convection cells and how they are related to wind
• Explain specific heat
• Describe the variations of wind flow between land and sea
• Describe weather conditions within areas of high and low pressure
• Explain the Coriolis effect
• Describe how isobars are used to illustrate weather systems
• Explain prevailing winds
• Describe how monsoons affect global climate
• Explain the jet stream
Weather Maps
• Explain why meteorology is a complex subject
• Identify regional sources of air masses
• Identify air masses on weather maps
• Define cold front, warm front, occluded front, and stationary front
• Explain how regional weather can change based on the movement of air masses
• Describe the movements of planetary winds
• Create and read station model symbols
• Collect weather data
• Predict weather based on the data collected
• Draw weather maps
• Interpret weather maps
Weather Hazards and the changing Atmosphere
• Identify weather hazards including hurricanes, tornados, thunderstorms, and blizzards
• Explain why these events are dangerous and how to protect themselves from harm
• Explain the mechanics of hurricanes and tornados
• Understand the needs for weather hazard protection
• Identify hazards that affect their area
• Explain basic hazard management techniques, including building codes, planning and warning systems
• Explain the relationship between life on Earth and atmospheric gases
• Discuss the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere
• Describe photosynthesis
• Define smog and human-created (anthropogenic) air pollution
• Describe the effects of acid rain
Patterns of Climate
• Identify temperature and precipitation as the major components of climate
• Compare major climate zones based on latitude
• Use the ESRT, page 14, Planetary Wind and Moisture Belts in the Troposphere, to locate areas of unique climate characteristics
• Describe how elevation and mountains affect climate
• Explain how climate is affected by proximity to various bodies of water
• Describe how climate is affected by the composition of land surfaces
• Interpret information found on specific heat tables
• Describe how winds and currents affect climate
• Explain urban heat islands
• Discuss vegetation’s effects on climate
• Identify climate through use of graphs